Define "surface irrigation."

Surface irrigation is characterized by the method in which water flows over the surface of the soil to reach the plants. This technique leverages the natural gravitational pull to allow water to move across the field, soaking into the soil and promoting moisture absorption by plant roots. Unlike other irrigation methods that rely on systems such as pumps and aerial spraying, surface irrigation harnesses the landscape's contours and soil texture to distribute water evenly. This approach can be effective in a variety of agricultural scenarios, particularly in flat or gently sloped terrains where the water can spread well across the surface. Understanding how surface irrigation works is crucial for any effective management of water resources in agricultural practices.