What are the two main types of irrigation systems commonly used?

The two main types of irrigation systems that are widely recognized in agricultural and landscape applications are surface irrigation and subsurface irrigation.

Surface irrigation involves the distribution of water over the soil surface, allowing gravity to help move the water throughout the field. This type can include methods such as basin, furrow, and flood irrigation. Surface irrigation is simple and can be quite effective in certain soil types and topographies.

Subsurface irrigation, on the other hand, delivers water directly to the root zone of plants through a network of buried tubes or pipes. This method reduces evaporation and water runoff, which increases water efficiency. Subsurface irrigation is particularly valuable in arid environments or where soil moisture conservation is critical.

The combination of these two irrigation practices illustrates the diversity and adaptability of irrigation methods based on specific agricultural needs and conditions. Other options, while they may include effective irrigation methods, do not represent the broad categorization of the two main types in the same way as surface and subsurface irrigation do.