Which term describes a rapid increase in pressure within a closed water system?

The term that accurately describes a rapid increase in pressure within a closed water system is commonly known as "water hammer." This phenomenon occurs when there is a sudden change in water flow, often due to a valve closing quickly or a pump shutting off abruptly. The momentum of the moving water creates a pressure wave that travels back through the system, resulting in a sharp increase in pressure.

Water hammer can lead to significant problems, such as damage to pipes, fittings, and other components of the water system due to the shock wave generated. Understanding water hammer is crucial for designing systems that minimize the risk of pressure surges and ensure the integrity of piping systems.

While concepts like pressure surge and hydraulic shock are associated with sudden changes in pressure, they are not as specific to the scenario of abruptly changing flow as water hammer. Flow disruption may relate to irregular water movement but does not encompass the specific increase in pressure caused by sudden flow changes. Thus, water hammer is the most precise term for the situation described.